1. Phrynarachne Decipiens
GS3/ Species in News
In News
A newly discovered spider species, Phrynarachne decipiens, commonly known as the bird-dung crab spider, has been found in Assam.
About
Previously observed in Malaysia, Java, and Sumatra, this species is better known as the bird dung or bird-dropping crab spider.
It is identified by its unique reproductive anatomy, particularly the spermathecae, a sac-like organ in females for sperm storage. The almost-touching posterior heads of the spermathecae are a distinctive characteristic of this species.
2. Exercise VARUNA
GS 3/ Defence
Context
The 22nd edition of the India-France bilateral naval exercise, VARUNA, was conducted in the Mediterranean Sea.
About
Since its inception in 2001, the bilateral exercise VARUNA has evolved, incorporating advanced naval operations. The latest edition in the Mediterranean Sea signifies a key milestone, showcasing the Indian Navy’s commitment to extended maritime operations beyond the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
3. Alzheimer’s Risk Linked to Light Pollution
GS2/ Health
Context
Research has indicated that excessive exposure to light pollution at night may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
About
Light pollution refers to the human-induced alteration of natural outdoor light levels. Studies suggest a stronger link between light pollution and Alzheimer’s disease prevalence in individuals under 65 compared to other risk factors.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, which leads to a decline in cognitive functions.
Cause: It involves the formation of brain plaques and tangles, causing accelerated aging of neurons associated with memory.
Symptoms: Early signs include forgetfulness. As the disease progresses, patients experience confusion, difficulty navigating familiar environments, and challenges in planning and completing simple tasks.
Prevalence: More than 55 million people globally suffer from dementia, with Alzheimer’s responsible for around 75% of cases. In India, 3 to 9 million people are estimated to have the disease, and the numbers are expected to rise with an aging population.
4.Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
GS 2/ Health
In News
The Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has approved the BPaLM regimen for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
About BPaLM Regimen
The BPaLM regimen includes a four-drug combination: Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, and Moxifloxacin.
Pretomanid has previously been approved for use in India by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO).
This novel treatment for MDR-TB is introduced under the National TB Elimination Program (NTEP).
Benefits
- Reduces treatment duration to six months, compared to the traditional 20-month regimen.
- Proven to be safer and more effective, with high treatment success rates.
- Reduces the financial burden on patients.
National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP):
Previously known as the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), it was renamed in 2020.
The program aims to eliminate TB by 2025, five years ahead of the Sustainable Development Goals target.
It focuses on detecting all TB cases, including those from private providers and high-risk groups.
Related Initiatives:
- Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (PMTBMBA): Launched in 2022, it promotes collective efforts for TB elimination.
- Ni-kshay Mitra: Provides additional support, including diagnostic, nutritional, and vocational aid to TB patients.
- Laboratory Network: India has over 7,767 rapid molecular testing facilities and 87 culture and drug susceptibility testing laboratories for MDR-TB detection and treatment.
5. Konyak Tribe
GS2/ Governance, Tribal Issues
In News
The Konyak Union, representing the Konyak tribe in Nagaland, has raised concerns over a boundary line on Google Maps, which they believe misrepresents their traditional territory.
About Konyak Tribe
The Konyaks belong to the Mongoloid race and are one of the largest tribes in Nagaland.
Historically, the Konyaks practiced headhunting, a cultural ritual associated with warfare and honor.
Before the widespread adoption of Christianity, the Konyaks practiced Animism, a belief system centered around the worship of nature, including trees, rivers, and animals.
The Konyak society is patriarchal.