Daily Current Affairs – 23 October 2025

Explore the Daily Current Affairs 23 October 2025, relevant for UPSC exam. Also download quick REVISION NOTES.

The amendment mandates that:

• All AI-generated (synthetic) content posted on social media must be clearly labelled.
• Users must self-declare if their uploaded content is AI-generated.
• If they fail to do so, social media platforms must proactively detect and label such content.
• The label must cover 10% of the content area and apply to text, audio, video, and images.
• The goal is to combat deepfakes and prevent misinformation while ensuring user awareness about what is real and what is synthetic.

Key Concerns:

Dimension	Analysis
Governance Objective	To ensure accountability of AI-generated content and protect citizens from misinformation and defamation.
Ethical Concerns	Deepfakes can distort reality, violate privacy, and damage reputations. Labeling enhances transparency.
Regulatory Challenge	Balancing innovation and freedom of expression with the need for safety and truth.
Technological Feasibility	Detecting AI-generated content is technically complex and may increase compliance burden on platforms.
Privacy and Rights	Raises questions about surveillance, content moderation, and autonomy of users.
International Comparisons	Similar efforts seen in EU’s AI Act, US AI labeling initiatives, and OECD AI Principles.

What are deepfakes?

Deepfakes are synthetic media (videos, images, audio, or even text) created using artificial intelligence (AI). Deep learning techniques like generative adversarial networks (GANs) are to manipulate or fabricate content so realistically that it appears authentic.

For example: A fake video of a celebrity or politician making false statements.

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• India aims to source 50% of its electricity from non-fossil fuels by 2030 (≈500 GW), with 250–280 GW expected from solar energy.
• Challenges: Indian modules are 1.5–2x costlier than Chinese modules, and India lacks control over key raw materials.
• Opportunities: India can export solar technology to Africa through the International Solar Alliance (ISA), offering models like PM-KUSUM and PM-Surya Ghar schemes.

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Important terms in solar physics:

1. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs): CMEs are sudden discharges of a large amount of plasma from the outermost part of the sun’s atmosphere, known as the corona.
2. Solar wind: It is a continuous outflow of charged particles from the corona.
3. Solar flare: A solar flare is a massive explosion on the sun, triggered by the rapid release of energy from twisted magnetic fields above sunspots, generating a burst of radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, including radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Aditya-L1 Mission:

Aditya-L1 is India’s first solar observatory in space launched by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 2023. It is positioned at Lagrange Point 1 (L1), about 1.5 million km from Earth, providing continuous observation of the Sun.

Objective: To study the Sun, especially the solar corona, solar wind, and their impact on space weather.

What is the L1 Point?

• L1 (Lagrange Point 1) is a gravitationally stable location where the Earth’s and Sun’s gravity balance. A satellite placed here can continuously observe the Sun without being eclipsed by Earth. Data from L1 allows early warning of solar storms (like solar flares and coronal mass ejections).

Key Objectives:

• Study the solar corona – the outermost layer of the Sun.
• Understand solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
• Study solar wind and its impact on Earth’s magnetosphere.
• Observe variations in solar radiation that affect space weather.
• Contribute to predicting solar storms, which can disrupt satellites, communication, and power grids.

Future Prospects:

• India plans to deploy additional solar observatories at L4 and L5 Lagrange points for 3D solar observation.
• Will complement ground-based facilities like the upcoming National Large Solar Telescope (NLST).
• Expected to help India develop indigenous solar storm prediction models within the next decade.

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Key concepts:

1. Nanoparticles: These are extremely tiny particles that measure between 1 and 100 nanometers in size. Because of their tiny size, nanoparticles often have unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that differ from larger particles of the same material.
2. Patchy Nanoparticles: Nanoparticles with distinct surface domains (patches) that guide their assembly and functions.
3. Atomic Stencilling: It refers to the use of iodide atoms as microscopic masks to selectively cover areas on gold nanoparticles, allowing polymers to attach only to specific exposed regions. This allows the precise control of surface patterns on nanoparticles at an atomic scale.
4. Metamaterials: Engineered materials with properties not found in nature, with applications in manipulating light, sound, and other physical phenomena.

Significance of the discovery:

• Precision Engineering: Enables nanoparticles to be designed with atomic-level precision, overcoming challenges in complexity and uniformity.
• Scalability: The method allows the creation of large quantities of such patchy nanoparticles, essential for practical applications.
• Self-Assembly Realized: Moves from theoretical concepts to actual realization of complex, non-close-packed 3D superlattices.
• Wide Applications:
  • Medicine: Targeted drug delivery.
  • Energy: Efficient catalysts.
  • Electronics: Advanced materials for next-generation devices.
  • Smart Materials: Materials with novel functions (responsive to environment).

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Daily Current Affairs 23 October 2025

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